Sierra Leone diamond income soars with peace.
FREETOWN,
April 23 (Reuters) - Sierra Leone's diamond income shot up more than 20-fold
between 1999 and 2001 and is set to keep growing thanks to export controls and
the end of a brutal civil war, Mines Minister Mohamed Deen said on Tuesday.
A
certification scheme was set up in 2000 with U.N. help to stem the flow of
"blood diamonds" from the West African country, where rebels used gems
sifted from muddy pits to fund a 10-year war marked by savage atrocities against
civilians.
Deen
said legal exports in 2001 were worth $26.0 million - well over twice the 10.1
million in 2000, when certification began, and more than 20 times the $1.2
million for 1999.
"The
government expects to benefit more in 2002, since law enforcement bodies are
continuing to re-establish control in diamond areas formerly held by
rebels," Deen told Reuters.
The
war, in which thousands of civilians were killed, raped or mutilated, was
declared over in January after more than 47,000 fighters handed over their
weapons to U.N. peacekeepers.
Legal
diamond exports in 2001 rose to their highest in both value and weight - over
220,000 carats - since 1996. Deen has has forecast annual exports will
eventually top $30 million, or 300,000 carats, a level not seen since 1992.
Exports
via Freetown plummeted after the army seized power in 1997 and formed an
alliance with the rebels. After that, many stones passed through neighbouring
Liberia, whose President Charles Taylor supplied guns to the rebels until the
U.N. banned Liberian diamond exports last year under sanctions to stop the
spread of regional instability.
Most
Sierra Leonean diamonds are shipped to the Belgian port of Antwerp, the world's
biggest market for uncut diamonds.
One
of the reasons the rebels launched their war was to end the systematic
exploitation of Sierra Leone's diamonds by a succession of governments that left
most people with next to no benefit from the gems.
Deen
said that was changing. "A total of 25 percent of what the government gets
from exports goes to the people for development in their local area, rather than
before, when nothing went direct to the people."
Despite
its mineral riches, the former British colony was ranked at bottom of the U.N.'s
most recent human development table.
Deen
said Sierra Leone's economy would improve once industrial miners returned to
invest.
Canadian
mining group DiamondWorks Ltd, forced to abandon its site in the eastern
district of Kono after 1997, has said it will resume mining as soon as its
installations are repaired.